Leverage Margin in Trading | Learn to Trade | OANDA (2024)

In this article you will learn:

• What is margin and how can I leverage margin on my account?
• The risks associated with margin trading
• What are margin requirements, margin calls and margin closeouts?

Leverage and margin in trading

When exploring this subject, it is important to remember it is not about margin vs leverage, as these two elements work together. Leverage allows you to trade a larger financial position with a smaller sum. Margin, on the other hand, is the initial investment you need to make to open a leveraged trade. Combined, margin and leverage allow you to leverage the funds in your account to potentially generate larger profits than your initial investment.

The flipside to trading with margin is that you can also potentially incur significant losses if the market moves against you. At OANDA, leverage or margin trading enables you to open positions that are larger than your account balance.

To minimise your losses and reduce the negative effect of leverage on a losing trade, it may be a good idea to use a stop loss.

What are leverage and margin?

When you deposit money in your trading account, the money you have deposited can be used as available margin. This margin can be used to open your trades ﹣ you will be able to open trades by putting down a fraction of the full value of your trade.

Leverage is described as a ratio or multiple. So, for example, trading using leverage of 30:1 means that for every US$1 of available margin that you have in your account, you can place a trade worth up to US$30. For instance, say you are looking to open a position on a forex pair. Using leverage of 30:1, for every US$100 you have in your account, you can place a trade worth up to US$3000 and so on.

In other words, margin is the amount of money needed to open a position, while leverage means that you can enter into positions larger than your account balance.

How does trading with margin work?

Understanding margin requirements, margin calls and margin closeouts

How to calculate margin

Let’s look at a simple forex example. You’re thinking of opening a long position of 5,000 units of GBP/USD and your account is in US dollars. As the leverage is 30:1, the margin needed to open this position is 3.33% of 5,000 =

$166.50.

Margin requirements

In order to keep a position open, you will need to maintain a minimum amount of money in your account. This is known as margin requirement. The margin requirement is 50% of the margin needed to open a trade.

When preparing to open a new trade, experienced traders prefer to calculate not just where to exit if the trade goes in their favour, but also how much loss they are willing to risk. So, say you’re going long on a currency pair and looking up on the chart, don’t forget to look down too to estimate your losses, and vice versa if you take a short position.

The same is applicable to how much of your funds you would like to engage into your trades. As much, theoretically, gains might seem unlimited, you should bear in mind that losses can also be significant. The more of your account funds you use as margin, the greater your risk of margin closeout. You should also mind the number of trades you have running at any one time. Having too many positions open may lead to greater exposure, or if these positions are related (all to U.S. Dollar for instance), a risk of price swing on these would be n-times the number of open positions.

Margin calls

Margin calls are an important aspect of leveraged trading. If the balance in your account falls to a level that is below the minimum regulatory margin requirement, a margin call will be triggered. If this happens, we may message you to ask you to deposit more funds in your account to maintain your positions , or close open positions to lift your account balance above the minimum margin requirement.

However, we are not obliged to make a margin call in any circ*mstances; in a fast-moving market there may be little time between warnings, or there may not be sufficient time to warn you at all. It is your responsibility to monitor your open positions and ensure sufficient funds are held to cover the margin requirement.

What is a margin closeout?

If for any reason you don’t take either of the steps just described and you do not have sufficient funds on your account to maintain your positions, your positions will undergo margin closeout, resulting in the closure of some or all of your open positions.

Be mindful of the “margin closeout percent” field in the account summary of the trading platform. The closer the margin closeout percent is to 100%, the closer you are to a margin closeout.

Although it may at first seem like a penalty, a margin call is essentially a warning that you need to temper your risk level and attend to losses that could exceed your accepted risk level. Ultimately, you are responsible for monitoring your account to prevent margin calls and margin closeouts from happening. By limiting your trade size and working with stop losses, you can better maintain sufficient margin in your account to support your open positions.

Tips for avoiding margin calls

• Check your positions regularly.
• Never leverage your entire account balance.
• Deposit additional funds into your account when your available margin becomes low.
• Reduce the margin requirement by closing some open positions.
• Close individual positions.
• Use risk management measures such as stop losses.
• Be mindful of gap ups and gap downs, with sudden hikes or drops in price, as these could trigger a margin call if you have neglected to use stop losses.